People

Richard Grainger (1797–1861) was a master builder, property developer, and visionary who transformed the face of Newcastle upon Tyne during the early 19th century. His legacy is embedded in the …

Sir Isaac Newton, born on January 4, 1643 (December 25, 1642, Old Style calendar), in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England, is one of the most influential figures in the history of science. …

Charles Darwin is one of the most influential scientists in history. His groundbreaking theory of evolution by natural selection not only transformed the field of biology but also challenged longstanding …

Stephen William Hawking (1942–2018) was one of the most renowned theoretical physicists of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Despite battling a debilitating neurological disease for most of his adult …

John Locke was an English philosopher and physician widely regarded as one of the most influential figures of the Enlightenment. His contributions to political philosophy, epistemology, education, and theology laid …

David Hume was a Scottish philosopher, historian, and essayist, widely regarded as one of the most significant figures of the British Enlightenment. His work spanned epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, religion, aesthetics, …

René Descartes was a mathematician, scientist, and philosopher whose work laid the groundwork for much of modern Western thought. His intellectual contributions—from analytic geometry to radical skepticism—have had a profound …

Thomas Hobbes was one of the most influential political philosophers of the early modern period. Best known for his masterpiece Leviathan (1651), Hobbes laid the groundwork for social contract theory …