Ephesus, located near the modern town of Selçuk in western Turkey, is one of the most well-preserved ancient cities in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Founded around the 10th century BC, Ephesus rose to prominence as a major Greek and Roman city, becoming one of the largest and most important centers of the ancient Mediterranean world.
Today, Ephesus is renowned for its stunning archaeological remains, which offer a fascinating glimpse into the city’s rich history and cultural heritage. One of the most iconic landmarks in Ephesus is the Library of Celsus, a magnificent Roman-era building that once housed thousands of scrolls and served as a monumental tomb for the Roman senator Tiberius Julius Celsus Polemaeanus. The library’s façade, with its intricate carvings and statues, is one of the most photographed sights in Turkey.
Another highlight of Ephesus is the Great Theatre, one of the largest and best-preserved ancient theaters in the world. Built in the Hellenistic period and later expanded by the Romans, the theater could seat up to 25,000 spectators and was used for theatrical performances, concerts, and political assemblies. Today, it still hosts occasional performances and events, offering visitors a chance to experience the grandeur of ancient Greek and Roman entertainment.
Other notable attractions in Ephesus include the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; the Temple of Hadrian, with its ornate façade adorned with reliefs depicting the exploits of the emperor; and the Terrace Houses, a series of well-preserved Roman villas that offer a rare glimpse into the daily lives of Ephesian aristocrats.
In addition to its archaeological treasures, Ephesus is also home to the House of the Virgin Mary, a Christian pilgrimage site believed to be the final resting place of Mary, the mother of Jesus. Nestled on a hillside overlooking the city, the modest stone house is visited by thousands of pilgrims and tourists each year, who come to pay their respects and seek blessings.
Overall, Ephesus is a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts, archaeology buffs, and anyone interested in exploring the ancient world. With its stunning ruins, rich history, and breathtaking scenery, Ephesus offers a truly unforgettable experience that transports visitors back in time to the golden age of the Mediterranean civilization.
