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1. The Birth of Tragedy (1872)
German: Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik
- Nietzsche’s first major work, combining philosophy and classical philology. It introduces the concepts of the Apollonian and Dionysian forces in art and life.
2. On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense (written 1873, published posthumously in 1896)
German: Über Wahrheit und Lüge im außermoralischen Sinne
- A short but influential essay on the nature of truth, language, and metaphor.
3. Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks (written 1873, published posthumously in 1903)
German: Philosophie im tragischen Zeitalter der Griechen
- An unfinished study of pre-Socratic philosophers.
4. Untimely Meditations (1873–1876)
German: Unzeitgemäße Betrachtungen
- A series of four essays criticizing contemporary culture and praising figures like Schopenhauer and Wagner.
5. Human, All Too Human (1878)
German: Menschliches, Allzumenschliches
- Marks Nietzsche’s break from romanticism and metaphysics; emphasizes a more rational and scientific tone.
6. The Dawn (1881)
German: Morgenröte: Gedanken über die moralischen Vorurteile
- Examines the origins of morality and continues Nietzsche’s critique of religion and conventional values.
7. The Gay Science (1882, expanded in 1887)
German: Die fröhliche Wissenschaft
- Contains the first appearance of “God is dead” and the eternal recurrence. A joyful but profound work that blends poetry and aphorism.
8. Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883–1885)
German: Also sprach Zarathustra
- Nietzsche’s most poetic and allegorical work, introducing the Übermensch, eternal recurrence, and the will to power.
9. Beyond Good and Evil (1886)
German: Jenseits von Gut und Böse
- A more systematic critique of traditional morality and philosophy. Seen as a follow-up to Zarathustra in a more aphoristic style.
10. On the Genealogy of Morality (1887)
German: Zur Genealogie der Moral
- A three-part essay exploring the historical development of moral concepts like guilt, conscience, and punishment.
11. The Case of Wagner (1888)
German: Der Fall Wagner
- A personal and philosophical break with composer Richard Wagner.
12. Twilight of the Idols (1888)
German: Götzen-Dämmerung
- A concise and polemical overview of Nietzsche’s mature philosophy. Subtitled “How to Philosophize with a Hammer.”
13. The Antichrist (written 1888, published 1895)
German: Der Antichrist
- A scathing critique of Christianity and organized religion.
14. Ecce Homo (written 1888, published 1908)
German: Ecce Homo: Wie man wird, was man ist
- Nietzsche’s philosophical autobiography. Infamous for its self-aggrandizing chapter titles like “Why I Am So Wise.”
15. Nietzsche Contra Wagner (compiled 1888, published posthumously)
- A collection of passages that highlight Nietzsche’s ultimate rejection of Wagner.
📝 Posthumous Works and Fragments
The Will to Power (compiled posthumously in 1901)
German: Der Wille zur Macht
- A controversial compilation of Nietzsche’s notebooks, not a book he completed himself. It explores the idea of the “will to power” as a fundamental force of life.
