Nestled in the heart of South West England, Dartmoor and Exmoor are two of the country’s most beloved and scenic national parks. Both areas are known for their stunning natural beauty, diverse wildlife, and rich history, offering visitors a unique escape into some of the most picturesque landscapes the UK has to offer. From the rugged granite tors of Dartmoor to the sweeping hills and woodlands of Exmoor, these two national parks are characterized by their remote, wild charm. This article will explore the distinctive features of Dartmoor and Exmoor, their history, wildlife, and outdoor activities, as well as what makes these places such special destinations for nature lovers and adventurers alike.
Dartmoor: A Land of Granite and Mystery
Dartmoor is one of the largest and most famous national parks in southern England, covering 954 square kilometers (368 square miles) in Devon. This rugged expanse of granite moorland is famous for its vast, open spaces, ancient monuments, and wild beauty. Dartmoor’s distinctive landscape is dominated by its striking granite tors—rock outcrops that rise dramatically above the surrounding moorland. These tors, with their mysterious and otherworldly appearance, have long captured the imaginations of those who visit.
Geography and Terrain
The landscape of Dartmoor is often described as “untamed” and “wild.” It is characterized by its broad, windswept moorlands, deep valleys, and steep hillsides. Dartmoor’s highest peak is High Willhays, standing at 621 meters (2,037 feet), and it is one of the most popular spots for hiking in the park. The moorland is interspersed with rivers and streams, including the River Dart, which meanders through the southern part of the park.
Dartmoor is also home to many prehistoric remains, including stone circles, ancient burial mounds, and the remnants of prehistoric settlements. These ancient monuments add an element of mystery and intrigue to the landscape, making Dartmoor not just a natural wonder but also an archaeological treasure trove.
Climate
Dartmoor experiences a temperate maritime climate, which means it can be subject to heavy rainfall and unpredictable weather patterns. The higher altitudes often lead to colder temperatures, with snow sometimes covering the moors in the winter months. Visitors to Dartmoor should be prepared for rapidly changing weather, especially if they plan to hike or explore the more remote areas of the park. The climate has played a key role in shaping Dartmoor’s rugged character, from its windswept hills to the unique flora and fauna that thrive in the region.
History and Culture
Dartmoor has a rich and fascinating history that stretches back thousands of years. Evidence of human activity on the moorlands can be traced to the prehistoric era, with sites like Stonehenge and Avebury showing the influence of ancient cultures in the area. Over time, Dartmoor became a center for human settlement and industry, with tin mining playing a particularly significant role. The remains of old tin mines can still be seen in various parts of the park, giving visitors a glimpse into the past and the region’s industrial history.
One of the most iconic features of Dartmoor is its association with the Legend of the Hound of Dartmoor—a supernatural creature said to haunt the moors. The legend, which has captured the imagination of many, is often linked to tales of mysterious disappearances and ghostly encounters on the moors.
Exmoor: A Landscape of Beauty and Tranquility
Exmoor, located in the counties of Devon and Somerset, is a smaller but equally enchanting national park, covering 693 square kilometers (268 square miles). It is a land of contrasts, from its windswept hills and heathlands to its ancient woodlands and dramatic cliffs. Exmoor is known for its quiet, peaceful atmosphere, making it the perfect place for those looking to escape the hustle and bustle of everyday life.
Geography and Terrain
Exmoor’s diverse landscape offers a wide variety of terrains, from the gentle slopes of the Exmoor Hills to the rugged cliffs that edge the coastline. The park is bordered to the north by the Bristol Channel, where the cliffs rise sharply from the sea, offering spectacular views of the coastline. The River Exe, one of the park’s defining features, runs through the center of the park and provides a rich habitat for a variety of wildlife.
One of the most remarkable aspects of Exmoor is its unique blend of moorland, woodlands, and coastal scenery. The Exmoor National Park includes both high, exposed hills and sheltered valleys, making it an area of great ecological diversity. Visitors to Exmoor can explore dense forests, open heathlands, and tranquil valleys, as well as enjoy sweeping vistas over the sea.
Wildlife and Flora
Exmoor is a haven for wildlife, and it is home to a number of rare and unique species. The park is famous for its population of Exmoor ponies, a rare breed that has roamed the moors for centuries. These hardy ponies are often seen grazing on the heathlands and are an iconic symbol of the park. In addition to the ponies, Exmoor is home to a variety of other animals, including red deer, fallow deer, badgers, and otters. Birdwatchers will find much to admire in the park, with species such as buzzards, red kites, and peregrine falcons frequently spotted in the skies above.
Exmoor is also home to a variety of plant species, including heather, gorse, and bilberry, which thrive in the acidic soils of the moorland. The park’s woodlands, which are mainly made up of oak and ash trees, provide a different kind of habitat, supporting a variety of mosses, ferns, and wildflowers.
History and Culture
Like Dartmoor, Exmoor has a rich history, with evidence of human settlement dating back to prehistoric times. The park is home to numerous archaeological sites, including hillforts, stone circles, and Roman ruins. In more recent history, Exmoor became a center for farming, particularly sheep farming, which still plays a role in the local economy.
Exmoor also has a deep connection to literature, particularly the works of R.D. Blackmore, whose novel Lorna Doone is set in the area. The novel, published in 1869, is a historical romance that has helped to cement Exmoor’s place in British literary culture. The park is also a popular destination for those interested in walking and exploring the same landscapes that inspired the novel.
Outdoor Activities in Dartmoor and Exmoor
Both Dartmoor and Exmoor offer a wide range of outdoor activities, making them perfect destinations for nature lovers, walkers, and adventure seekers.
Hiking and Walking
Dartmoor and Exmoor are both renowned for their excellent walking and hiking routes. Dartmoor has a network of well-maintained trails that cater to all levels of walkers, from gentle strolls around Burrator Reservoir to more challenging hikes up High Willhays and other peaks. The Dartmoor Way is a long-distance trail that encircles the park, offering walkers the opportunity to explore the diverse landscapes of the moorland, valleys, and ancient sites.
Similarly, Exmoor offers a wide variety of walking routes. The South West Coast Path, which follows the coastline of Devon and Cornwall, passes through Exmoor and offers stunning views of the sea. The Exmoor National Park also has many trails that explore the inland hills, woodlands, and valleys, offering visitors the chance to enjoy the peace and tranquillity of this stunning area.
Wildlife Watching
Both parks are excellent for wildlife enthusiasts. Dartmoor and Exmoor are home to a variety of animals, from wild ponies to red deer, and offer opportunities for spotting birds, mammals, and rare plant species.
Cycling
For cyclists, both Dartmoor and Exmoor offer a range of routes, from gentle country lanes to more challenging mountain biking trails. The Tarka Trail in Exmoor is a popular route for cyclists, following the path of the River Taw and offering a beautiful mix of countryside and coastal views.
Horse Riding
Horseback riding is a popular activity in both parks, with many local stables offering guided rides across the moorland and through the woodlands. Exmoor, in particular, is renowned for its horses, and riding on the moors is a fantastic way to experience the beauty of the park.
Conclusion
Dartmoor and Exmoor are two of England’s most iconic and beautiful national parks, offering visitors a chance to experience nature at its wildest and most tranquil. From the rugged, windswept landscapes of Dartmoor to the serene woodlands and hills of Exmoor, both parks provide a wealth of opportunities for exploration and adventure. With their rich histories, unique wildlife, and diverse landscapes, Dartmoor and Exmoor remain two of the most beloved natural treasures in the UK. Whether you’re a seasoned hiker, a wildlife enthusiast, or someone simply looking to escape to the beauty of the countryside, these two national parks are sure to leave you with unforgettable memories.