The Pennine Way is one of the most famous and challenging long-distance walking routes in England, stretching approximately 268 miles (431 km) from Edale in Derbyshire to Kirk Yetholm in the Scottish Borders. Established in 1965, it was Britain’s first official National Trail and remains one of the most iconic walks in the UK. The route follows the Pennine Hills, often referred to as the “Backbone of England,” and takes walkers through some of the country’s most spectacular and remote landscapes, including the Peak District, Yorkshire Dales, North Pennines, and Cheviot Hills. Known for its rugged terrain, breathtaking views, and unpredictable weather, the Pennine Way is a serious undertaking for any long-distance hiker.
History and Development
The idea of the Pennine Way was conceived by Tom Stephenson, a journalist and passionate walker, inspired by the Appalachian Trail in the United States. Stephenson campaigned for over 30 years to create a protected long-distance footpath in England, and in 1965, the Pennine Way was officially opened. Since then, it has become one of Britain’s most beloved hiking routes, attracting thousands of walkers each year who seek adventure, solitude, and a deep connection with nature.
Route Overview
The Pennine Way is traditionally walked from south to north, beginning in the Peak District and gradually transitioning into wilder and more remote landscapes as it moves northward. Below is a breakdown of its key sections:
1. Edale to Crowden (16 miles / 26 km)
The journey begins in the village of Edale, where walkers start their ascent up Jacob’s Ladder onto Kinder Scout, the highest point in the Peak District. This area is famous for its rugged moorland, peat bogs, and historical significance in the Right to Roam movement. After crossing Bleaklow, the path descends towards Crowden, marking the end of a tough but rewarding first stage.
2. Crowden to Standedge (12 miles / 19 km)
This section takes walkers past Laddow Rocks and along the remote moorlands of Black Hill, a notoriously boggy area. Navigation can be tricky in poor weather, but the panoramic views of Saddleworth Moor are worth the challenge. The route then drops down to Standedge, near Marsden.
3. Standedge to Hebden Bridge (15 miles / 24 km)
The trail skirts reservoirs and crosses several rugged moors before reaching Stoodley Pike, a prominent hilltop monument visible for miles. From there, a descent leads to the lively town of Hebden Bridge, a popular rest stop known for its artistic community and great cafes.
4. Hebden Bridge to Malham (22 miles / 35 km)
A long but rewarding section, this stage takes walkers through Heptonstall, over Top Withens (the supposed inspiration for Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights), and past the stunning Malham Cove, a dramatic limestone formation. The picturesque village of Malham is a popular stop with good accommodation options.
5. Malham to Horton-in-Ribblesdale (15 miles / 24 km)
This section ascends to Fountains Fell and Pen-y-Ghent, one of the Yorkshire Three Peaks, offering dramatic views over the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The descent leads to Horton-in-Ribblesdale, a well-known base for walkers.
6. Horton-in-Ribblesdale to Hawes (14 miles / 22 km)
The route follows the River Ribble, passing through beautiful rolling hills before climbing onto the limestone plateau of Dodd Fell. The stage ends in Hawes, home to Wensleydale cheese and a great place to rest.
7. Hawes to Keld (12 miles / 19 km)
This stretch crosses into the Yorkshire Dales, following the stunning Great Shunner Fell, one of the highest points of the route. The descent leads into Keld, a tiny village marking the halfway point of the Coast to Coast Walk.
8. Keld to Middleton-in-Teesdale (20 miles / 32 km)
This stage follows the upper stretches of the River Tees, passing the magnificent Cauldron Snout and High Force, England’s largest waterfall. The charming market town of Middleton-in-Teesdale is a welcome rest stop.
9. Middleton-in-Teesdale to Dufton (20 miles / 32 km)
A scenic section through Upper Teesdale, this route takes in High Cup Nick, a dramatic U-shaped valley offering one of the most iconic views on the Pennine Way. The descent into Dufton is a rewarding end to the day.
10. Dufton to Alston (19 miles / 30 km)
This challenging section includes the ascent of Cross Fell (the highest point on the Pennine Way at 2,930 feet / 893 meters), known for its harsh weather conditions. The trail descends to Alston, a historic market town with excellent facilities.
11. Alston to Greenhead (16 miles / 26 km)
This stage crosses wild and remote moorlands before reaching Greenhead, near Hadrian’s Wall.
12. Greenhead to Bellingham (15 miles / 24 km)
Following parts of Hadrian’s Wall, this section provides a contrast to previous days, featuring well-preserved Roman ruins before heading into the rolling hills of Northumberland.
13. Bellingham to Byrness (15 miles / 24 km)
A remote stretch through Redesdale Forest, this area is known for its sense of solitude.
14. Byrness to Kirk Yetholm (26 miles / 42 km)
The final and most difficult stage crosses the Cheviot Hills, featuring multiple summits and breathtaking views before finally descending into Kirk Yetholm, where the journey officially ends.
Challenges and Considerations
Weather and Terrain
The Pennine Way is notorious for its boggy conditions, especially in areas like Black Hill and Kinder Scout. Waterproof boots, gaiters, and layered clothing are essential due to frequent rain and strong winds.
Accommodation and Camping
There are youth hostels, B&Bs, bunkhouses, and campsites along the way. Some sections have limited options, requiring careful planning. Wild camping is legal in Scotland but restricted in England unless with landowner permission.
Navigation and Waymarking
Though well-marked, fog and bad weather can make navigation challenging. A good map, compass, and GPS are recommended.
Physical Fitness
This is one of the UK’s toughest trails, requiring good endurance and strength. Training with long hikes and carrying a loaded backpack is advised.
Wildlife and Scenery
The Pennine Way is rich in wildlife, with opportunities to see red grouse, curlews, peregrine falcons, and wild deer. The diverse landscapes include limestone cliffs, open moorlands, waterfalls, and ancient forests.
Conclusion
The Pennine Way is a true test of endurance, but it rewards walkers with some of the most spectacular and unspoiled scenery in Britain. It is a pilgrimage for hikers seeking challenge, solitude, and a deep connection with the natural world. Completing this historic trail is an achievement that leaves a lasting impression on all who undertake it.