Philosophers

Noam Chomsky, born Avram Noam Chomsky on December 7, 1928, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is one of the most influential intellectual figures of the 20th and 21st centuries. His groundbreaking contributions …

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) stands as one of the most profound and influential thinkers of the Enlightenment. His ideas about human nature, society, politics, education, and culture challenged the assumptions of …

Epicurus (341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and the founder of Epicureanism, a philosophical system that emphasized the pursuit of happiness through rational living, friendship, and the elimination of …

Epictetus, one of the most influential Stoic philosophers of antiquity, lived a life marked by adversity, discipline, and profound wisdom. Born into slavery around 50 AD in Hierapolis (modern-day Pamukkale, …

Democritus of Abdera (c. 460 BCE – c. 370 BCE) was one of the most influential pre-Socratic philosophers of ancient Greece. Often overshadowed by the giants of classical philosophy—Socrates, Plato, …

Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570–495 BCE) is one of the most enigmatic and influential figures in the history of philosophy, mathematics, and science. Best known today for the Pythagorean Theorem, …

Introduction Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activist, and literary critic, best known as the leading figure of existentialism and one of the most influential intellectuals …

Introduction Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872–1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, essayist, and social critic whose work profoundly shaped the course of modern Western philosophy. One of the founding …