📚 Philosophy & Logic 🧠History & Surveys of Philosophy 💬 Ethics, Religion, and Society 🕊️ Politics and Social Criticism 📝 Autobiographical and Essay Collections
Philosophy
-
The history of Western philosophy spans over two and a half millennia of intellectual inquiry and critical thought. From ancient Greece to the postmodern era, Western philosophy has evolved through …
-
PeoplePhilosophy
John Locke (1632–1704): Architect of Liberalism and Empiricism
by alan.dotchinby alan.dotchinJohn Locke was an English philosopher and physician widely regarded as one of the most influential figures of the Enlightenment. His contributions to political philosophy, epistemology, education, and theology laid …
-
PeoplePhilosophy
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716): The Universal Genius of the Baroque
by alan.dotchinby alan.dotchinGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is widely regarded as one of the most extraordinary polymaths in Western intellectual history. Philosopher, mathematician, logician, scientist, inventor, statesman, and music theorist, Leibniz contributed critically to …
-
PeoplePhilosophy
René Descartes (1596–1650): Father of Modern Philosophy
by alan.dotchinby alan.dotchinRenĂ© Descartes was a mathematician, scientist, and philosopher whose work laid the groundwork for much of modern Western thought. His intellectual contributions—from analytic geometry to radical skepticism—have had a profound …
-
PeoplePhilosophy
Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677): Philosopher of Substance, Rationality, and Freedom
by alan.dotchinby alan.dotchinBaruch Spinoza, also known by his Latinized name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a Dutch philosopher whose radical ideas laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment and modern biblical criticism. His system—outlined …
-
PeoplePhilosophy
Martin Heidegger: Philosophical Pioneer of Being, Time, and the Question of Existence
by alan.dotchinby alan.dotchinMartin Heidegger (1889–1976) stands as one of the most influential and controversial philosophers of the 20th century. His trailblazing work reoriented the course of continental philosophy by returning to the …
-
Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813–1855) was a Danish philosopher, theologian, poet, and social critic, widely regarded as the father of existentialism. Although largely unrecognized in his own time, Kierkegaard’s writings addressed …
-
PeoplePhilosophyPolitics
Karl Marx: Philosopher of Revolution, Class Struggle, and Historical Change
by alan.dotchinby alan.dotchinKarl Marx (1818–1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, and revolutionary whose ideas fundamentally reshaped political theory and practice in the modern world. Often considered the father of communism, …
David Hume (1711–1776): The Skeptical Enlightenment Thinker
David Hume was a Scottish philosopher, historian, and essayist, widely regarded as one of the most significant figures of the British Enlightenment. His work spanned epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, religion, aesthetics, …
Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679): Architect of Modern Political Philosophy
Thomas Hobbes was one of the most influential political philosophers of the early modern period. Best known for his masterpiece Leviathan (1651), Hobbes laid the groundwork for social contract theory …
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Architect of Absolute Idealism
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) stands as one of the towering figures in Western philosophy. A German philosopher of the early 19th century, Hegel is best known for his work …