Situated on the northernmost coast of France, Calais is a city that combines historical depth, modern industry, and cultural charm. Often recognized as the primary French port connecting to England via the English Channel, Calais is both a transit hub and a destination worth exploring in its own right. From its strategic location and medieval landmarks to its beaches and museums, Calais offers visitors a rich mix of experiences.
In this blog post, we’ll take an in-depth look at Calais, exploring its history, attractions, cultural life, and practical tips for travelers, revealing why this northern French city deserves a closer look.
A Historical Overview
Calais has a long and fascinating history shaped by its strategic location along the Strait of Dover. For centuries, the city has served as a critical port for trade, travel, and military operations.
Medieval Calais
During the Middle Ages, Calais became a significant stronghold. Its proximity to England made it a focal point in the Hundred Years’ War between England and France. In 1347, after a lengthy siege, the city fell to the English, who held it for over two centuries. This occupation left an indelible mark on Calais, influencing its fortifications and architecture.
One of the most famous historical events associated with Calais is the story of the Six Burghers of Calais, immortalized in a bronze sculpture by Auguste Rodin. In 1347, six prominent citizens volunteered to surrender themselves to King Edward III of England to save the rest of the city. Today, the sculpture stands in Place des Six Bourgeois, a central location that serves as a poignant reminder of sacrifice and courage.
Modern History
Calais played an important role during both World Wars. Its port and rail connections made it a strategic location for military operations. During World War II, the city was heavily fortified as part of the Atlantic Wall, and it suffered significant damage from bombings and battles. After the war, Calais underwent extensive reconstruction, blending historic architecture with modern urban planning.
Calais as a Port City
One of Calais’ defining features is its status as a major seaport and ferry terminal. The port connects France to Dover in England, making it the busiest passenger port in France and a gateway to the United Kingdom.
The ferry crossing, which takes roughly 90 minutes, is a highlight for travelers seeking a scenic journey across the English Channel. On clear days, passengers can catch stunning views of the coastline and even spot ships heading to other destinations in Northern Europe. Calais’ maritime history is palpable, from the bustling docks to the cranes and warehouses that line the harbor.
Beaches and Coastal Attractions
Calais boasts several beautiful sandy beaches, perfect for both relaxation and outdoor activities. The main beach, located near the city center, is a wide stretch of sand ideal for walking, sunbathing, and water sports. During the summer, locals and tourists flock here to enjoy the sun, build sandcastles, or take part in beachside events.
Nearby, Plage de Blériot-Plage offers a more tranquil atmosphere, popular with families and nature lovers. The coastline is also a great spot for kite flying, cycling along the promenade, or simply enjoying the fresh sea breeze.
Museums and Cultural Attractions
Calais is home to several museums and cultural institutions that showcase its rich history and artistic heritage.
- Musée des Beaux-Arts de Calais: This fine arts museum features an impressive collection of paintings, sculptures, and decorative arts from the 16th century to modern times. Highlights include works by local artists and pieces that reflect Calais’ maritime and cultural history.
- Musée de l’Éphèbe: Focused on archaeology, this museum houses artifacts from ancient times, particularly from shipwrecks and regional excavations. Visitors can explore items from Roman, medieval, and early modern periods.
- Rodin’s The Burghers of Calais: Beyond the sculpture itself, the city’s homage to the famous story includes exhibitions and guided tours that explore its historical context.
Calais also hosts cultural events and festivals, including music performances, art exhibitions, and seasonal markets. These events celebrate both local traditions and international influences, reflecting the city’s cosmopolitan character.
Architectural Highlights
While Calais has modernized over the decades, several architectural gems provide glimpses into its past.
- Calais Town Hall (Hôtel de Ville): A striking example of neo-Flemish architecture, this town hall is adorned with a 72-meter belfry and intricate façades. Inside, visitors can see impressive artwork and decorative details.
- St. Nicholas Church: Dating back to the 12th century, this Gothic church has undergone restorations but retains its historical charm. Its stained glass windows and detailed stonework are noteworthy for architecture enthusiasts.
- Fort Risban: A medieval fortification built to protect the harbor, Fort Risban offers both historical insight and scenic views of the channel.
Walking through Calais, visitors can appreciate the contrast between historic structures and modern urban areas, giving a sense of the city’s evolution over centuries.
Culinary Experiences
Northern France has a rich culinary tradition, and Calais is no exception. Being a port city, seafood plays a prominent role in the local cuisine. Fresh fish, mussels, and oysters are popular in many restaurants along the waterfront.
Traditional regional dishes include:
- Potjevleesch – A cold terrine of mixed meats, typical of Flemish cuisine.
- Moules-frites – Mussels served with French fries, a classic dish of the region.
- Waffles and pastries – Local bakeries offer a range of sweet treats perfect for enjoying with coffee or tea.
Calais also has a vibrant café culture, where locals gather for leisurely meals, conversation, and people-watching. The city’s culinary offerings blend French tradition with Flemish and international influences, providing a rich gastronomic experience.
Practical Tips for Visitors
- Getting There: Calais is easily accessible by train from Paris, Lille, and other major French cities. The Eurostar connects Calais to London via the Channel Tunnel, making it convenient for international travelers.
- Accommodation: The city offers a variety of lodging options, from boutique hotels in the town center to budget-friendly options near the port.
- Best Time to Visit: Late spring and summer are ideal for enjoying the beaches and outdoor attractions. Autumn offers a quieter experience with fewer tourists.
- Language: French is the primary language, but English is commonly spoken in tourist areas, particularly near the port and hotels.
Day Trips from Calais
Calais serves as an excellent base for exploring the surrounding region. Nearby destinations include:
- Dunkirk (Dunkerque): Famous for its WWII history and beaches.
- Boulogne-sur-Mer: A historic coastal city with a large aquarium and medieval old town.
- Saint-Omer: Known for its cathedral, canals, and charming historic streets.
- The Opal Coast: Offers scenic landscapes, sand dunes, cliffs, and seaside towns ideal for outdoor activities.
Whether you are interested in history, nature, or culinary exploration, Calais provides easy access to a wealth of experiences in northern France.
Why Visit Calais?
Calais may be best known as a transit hub, but it offers much more than just a ferry terminal. Visitors can enjoy:
- Historical landmarks that tell the story of medieval battles and wartime resilience.
- Cultural experiences, from museums and art exhibitions to festivals and local traditions.
- Beautiful beaches and coastal scenery, perfect for relaxation and recreation.
- Culinary delights, especially fresh seafood and regional specialties.
- Accessibility to northern France and the UK, making it a strategic base for exploration.
The combination of history, culture, and natural beauty makes Calais a destination that rewards those willing to go beyond its reputation as a transit city.
Conclusion
Calais is a city of contrasts—historic fortifications and modern port activity, sandy beaches and bustling markets, French traditions and Flemish influences. It is a place where travelers can experience centuries of history, enjoy cultural and culinary delights, and appreciate the beauty of the northern French coast.
From walking along the promenade to exploring Rodin’s masterpiece, from sampling fresh seafood to visiting medieval landmarks, Calais offers an experience that is both rich and diverse. Whether you are passing through on your way to England or planning a dedicated visit, this northern French city invites you to linger, explore, and discover the stories that have shaped it into the vibrant destination it is today.
For travelers seeking a combination of history, culture, and coastal charm, Calais proves to be much more than a stopover—it is a destination in its own right.
